Introduction

The National Institute of Statistics and Dwelling has prepared this manual with the goal of careful and illustrated orientation for the enumerators, for the better understanding of their responsibilities in taking the Census, and so that they carry out their census tasks efficiently.

This manual contains the basic concepts about the functions and obligations of the enumerator, as well as explanations for carrying out the interview and instructions for filling out the Census Form and Enumeration Summary forms.

The enumerator's manual will be the basic tool of the enumerators, both during the training as well as during the enumeration, this being the principal document for consultations about possible doubts that can come up during the interview.

It is of vital importance to emphasize that to be able to understand the instructions during the training period as well as when it is necessary to consult the manual requires the conscious attention and study on the part of the enumerator.

What is the Census of population and dwelling

Population Census
The Population Census is a count of all of the persons who habitually live in the country

Dwelling Census
The Dwelling Census is the count of all of the dwellings that exist in the country.

Importance of the Census
The National Census of population and dwelling are of great importance to the country, because they permit us to know:

All of this information is the basis for government, private industry, service institutions, and private individuals using it in the formulations of:

Educational programs, dwelling programs, health programs, work programs, and many other development plans that allow us to improve development and the living conditions in our country.

The VII Population Census and the III Dwelling Census will be carried out at the national level both in the urban and rural areas.

The information will be collected from all of the persons who are residents of the country, including the newborns, the elderly, the handicapped, etc., and from all of the dwellings that exist in the national territory on the date of the census, without omissions or duplications. Said information will be collected during five days in the urban areas and ten days in the rural areas, taking as a reference point the moment and time period that has been previously determined.

[Note: The copy that I am translating does not contain pages 3 and 4 of the original. The previous page is numbered "2" and the next is "5".]

Instructions for the use of the cartographic materials

Definition and importance of the cartographic materials
There is a map or drawing that will be used by the enumerator to know and determine the boundaries his/her work area. This material is necessary, because in addition to indicating the exact boundaries, it indicates the different routes that link the various parts of your segment (highways, roads, railroad lines, rivers, streets, avenues, etc.). Also indicated are other reference points, such as: schools, bridges, churches, movie theaters, etc.

Symbols and meanings of the cartographic materials
This is the set of graphic signs or symbols that are used to present the communication routes of the segment and to identify established reference points. Below you will find the principal symbols or signs that are used.

[Symbols and illustration follow for the following landmarks:]

Dwelling:
Individual dwelling
Building or dwelling under construction

Commerce:
Commercial
Commercial and dwelling
Hotels and boarding
Restaurant
Gasoline stations
Banks

Social services:
Churches
Educational centers
Radio transmitter
Library
Parks or plazas
Movie theaters or theaters
Hospitals, clinics, dispensaries
Red Cross, fire department
Asylum, infant care center, orphanage
Cemetery
Services
Services and dwelling

Others:
Permanent roads and highways
Paved roads
Gravel roads
Railroad lines
Landing strip
Vehicle bridge
Pedestrian bridge
Rivers
Intermittent creeks
Fences
High tension cable
Embassy, consulate
Government buildings
Industry
Mills
Well or spring
Artesian well, pumping station
Industry and dwelling
Limit of urban area
Hills

Census map or drawing: uses
The census map has been created specifically for use in the enumeration of rural segments.
The census drawing has been created specifically for use in the enumeration of urban segments.

Urban or rural segment: we will understand as a segment (urban or rural), a piece of land that is limited by natural and cultural references, perfectly identifiable on the land, and that constitutes the enumeration unit.

Use of the map or drawing of the segment: you should use the map or drawing of the enumeration segment to:

How to arrive at the segment
For this, you will have to study your map or drawing of the segment in the Census office where you will find the census map and drawing of the municipality. There you can analyze the point of your segment in reference to the place where the Census office is found.

Before beginning the route to the segment, the Enumerator should:

Following the direction of the roads indicated in the map, you will start out in this direction to get to the place of work.

If in the trajectory of your route you have any doubt about the direction that you are following, you can ask for the references that you have noted from what you learned from the municipal map or drawing, for example:

In what direction is the place called "San Antonio"?
In what direction is the hill "Posimtepe"?

Based on the references that you are given, you will follow your selected route in the indicated direction to arrive at your segment.

When you believe that you have arrived at your segment, you will extend your map and you will point it to the north.

Orienting the segment map or drawing towards the north
One of the most important aspects for knowing that you are located in your segment (or work area) is the orientation of the map.

The orientation of the map should be done at the beginning of the enumeration work and also when, for whatever circumstance, you have to change route or direction, during the trajectory of your route. To orient the map in the rural areas, you should follow determined indications.

To orient the map:

To know the direction for North:

When you know which direction is north, you should rotate your map so that the arrow that indicates north is pointed in this direction.

Another simple way of orienting your map:
Based on the most important elements that appear represented on the map, such as: rivers and ditches, hills, highways, roads, bridges etc., rotate the map so that these coincide with the direction that they have on the ground.

Segment boundaries:
You will observe all of the elements that you can see and you should verify if they appear on your map. To make sure that you have correctly identified the boundaries of the segment, you will verify the names of the elements and details that appear on your map with the inhabitants of the place.

If it is correct, you will proceed to walk, following the boundaries that are indicated on your map, completely sure that you are perfectly located.

If in the trajectory of your route, at any moment you have doubts about the direction in which you are moving, you will re-orient you map with the north and you will observe the cultural and/or natural elements in your trajectory to see if they coincide with the position that you have concerning these observable elements, and that they are associated with the map in regards to the path. If they do not coincide, you have to return to the last point at which you are sure that you were correctly located.

Location
We understand location as: the grouping of at least five dwellings in a continuous format and that is generally known with the names of city, village, town, hamlet, ranch, processing plant, etc.

In your map, when the location has a size that is smaller than a segment, it will be identified by imaginary boundaries, and in these cases you should verify that this location exists. Include all of the dwellings that are found within 100, 200, or 300 meters from the last house. All of this information should be included in what refers to the respective location, and therefore, you should be very careful to clearly note on the form the name of the location, where the dwellings are located and what they are called by the inhabitants, indicating it on the form, "List of locations."

If for whatever reason you encounter a group of houses that conform to the given definition and it is not included in the map, you should enumerate the dwellings as belonging to a location. You will include this group of houses on the map and you will indicate the name on the List of Locations.

Definitions
Urban areas: We consider "urban areas" to be those locations that have the seats of authorities, such as the case of departmental and municipal seats. In the same manner, we consider those locations or population concentrations of one thousand inhabitants or more, with certain characteristics, such as: planned roads, electrical lighting services and commercial establishments.

Rural areas: These areas are made up of populations of less than one thousand inhabitants that do not meet the indicated minimal urban conditions and, in addition, have population in dispersed dwellings.

General instructions for carrying out the interview
Who should be enumerated
You should enumerate all of the dwellings that are found in your segment, even if they do not appear indicated in the map or drawing, and all of the persons who habitually live in each of them.

What you should do when you arrive at the dwelling
You should verify if it is a space in which one or more persons live and also if it is one dwelling or more.
If by direct observation or from information from the neighbors, you verify that the dwelling is uninhabited, you should mark "Unoccupied dwelling" on the form "Enumerator's route."

What to do when you do not carry out the interview
In the case that the dwelling is inhabited but the persons who inhabit it are absent or there is no adequate informant, leave a Notice that you will return a second time and make a brief note of the date and time for the re-visit on the Enumerator's route form. On the form, you should note the information for: geographic location and location of the dwelling. In addition, you will note the information about the dwelling that you can obtain through observation.

If, when you return to the dwelling on which you left the Notice, you find that the persons are still absent or there is no qualified informant, you will leave a citation for the persons to show up at the indicated Census office and mark this on the Enumerator's route form. This form should be turned in to the Supervisor, who will pass this on to the municipal delegate who will attend the meeting and will attend to the person who received the citation.

What to do when you find unoccupied dwellings
If the dwelling is found unoccupied for whatever reason (for sale or rent, seasonal use, under construction or another reason), you will note on the Enumerator's route form that the dwelling was not enumerated because it was unoccupied and you will mark the corresponding box, which, in this case, will end the interview.

What to do when you find occupied dwellings
If you encounter the dwelling occupied with persons present: Greet the persons who receive you and identify yourself as and enumerator for the population and dwelling Census, showing your identification.
You should ask for permission to enter the dwelling.

Who you should interview
Every time that you arrive at a dwelling you will request to speak with the head of household, the housewife, or a person who is over 16 years old and belongs to the family group that resides in this dwelling. Once you have contacted one of these persons, you will politely explain to them the reason for your visit, with the goal of obtaining the census information.

Explain to the informant the motive for your visit, supporting your information with what you know about the census and its importance. You will show your credential that identifies you as an enumerator.

General instructions for managing the form

Enumeration form
Description
To follow the description of the form, you should have a copy of it on hand, where you can observe the following parts.

First page:

Following pages:

Recommendations for completing the form
a) Ask the questions in the order that they appear and exactly as they are written.

b) Mark or write the answer that the informant gives and not what you consider to be correct.

c) Write clearly using a graphite pencil.

d) If you make a mistake when writing, carefully erase it and then write the information in the correct format.

e) Follow all of the instructions that appear on the form.

f) Be aware that you should note the information for only one person in the two pages that correspond to Section V, asking all of the questions up to where they correspond according to the person's age.

g) Respect the indications of "Continue with", since this will help you complete the form more easily. When there is no indication of "Continue with", you will continue with the next question.

h) Take into account that there are three manners of writing the information on the form:

i) When a person declares that he/she is age 98 or older, you should note "98".

j) Use a separate sheet when any problem arises in filling out the form and you need to note any observation. When you arrive at the Census office you will staple it to the corresponding form. These cases can be when you consider that the information that has been provided is doubtful, when the answer that you noted needs greater explanation or when the persons refuse to give any of the information. You will make note, if possible, of the reasons for which the informant refused to give you the information, whether total or partial.

k) You should use an additional form in the following cases:

• When more than ten persons habitually reside in the dwelling.
• When the persons declare that more than three persons from the dwelling have died during the past year and the present year.
• When there is more than one agricultural producer residing in the dwelling.

In these cases, you should:

Use of the form "Enumerator's route"
The Enumerator's route form will be used for keeping track of the trajectory within the assigned segment, with the goal of detecting the occupied and unoccupied dwellings, and buildings under construction for uses other than dwellings.
You will use a number for each of the dwelling or for each construction that is used as a dwelling and a line without a number for the other constructions such as churches, movie theaters, stores, etc. that are not dwellings nor are used as dwellings, including those that are under construction.
This form is fundamentally for the manual counting of the dwellings and population by sex.
The information collected in this form will also serve as a foundation for future polls and for this reason it is important that every enumerator correctly fill in the form "Enumerator's route".
Once you are in your work area, if it is a place where the blocks are defined, such as in cities and towns, you will begin your route in the northeast corner of the segment, going around each block in the same direction that the hands move around the clock, from left to right without crossing another street. When you finish this block, you will go to the next one, also starting in the northeast corner and completing the route before you move on to the next, and continue in the same manner.
If you are located in the rural area where the houses are disperse, you will select one point of reference to begin your route, which is easy to identify such as a school, a bar (pulpería), a street corner, a tree, etc. and from this point you will begin your enumeration, beginning with the first dwelling that is located to the right of this point of reference, then following your route in the direction that the hands move on a clock, which means from left to right.

How to fill in the "Enumerator's route" form
1. Before you visit the first dwelling, you should note the following information on the Enumerator's route Form, which you will find on the map of the corresponding segment. This information should be identical to that which appears in your briefcase:

• The department name and code
• The municipal name and code
• The codes for segment and area of supervision

In column 1, you will note the order number of the dwelling, starting with the number "01" through the last dwelling that you have in your enumeration segment.
In column 2, you will note the name and last name of the head of the dwelling or the name of the commercial space that is not used as a dwelling. Once you have registered this information, you will proceed to fill in the Census form, following the instructions that are indicated starting on page 26.

2. When you finish filling in the form, you will take your Enumerator's route form to complete the information in the following manner:

• In column 3 or 4, you will mark an "X" if the dwelling is private or collective.
• In columns 5, 6, 7, or 8, you will mark with an "X" the reason for which the dwelling was not enumerated.

If the persons are still absent, you will leave a notice and you will write in column 9, in abbreviated form, the date and time of the re-visit. Later, if with this re-visit you do not manage to enumerate the dwelling, you will mark column 10 and you will leave a citation form (See the instructions for filling in the "Notice and citation forms" in the appendix of this manual).

3. If the persons were present and you completed the interview, you will mark "Dwelling enumerated" in column 11 and you will count the inhabitants within the dwelling by sex and you will note:

• In column 12, the number of males younger than 15.
• In column 13, the number of females younger than 15.
• In column 14, the total of persons younger than 15 living in the dwelling.
• In columns 15 and 16, you will note the number of males and females age 15 or older.
• In column 17, you will note the sum of males and females age 15 or older who are regular inhabitants of the dwelling.
• In column 18, you will indicate the total number of forms that you used in each dwelling.

Observations:

• Form 1 of 1
• Geographic localization
• Location and exact address of the dwelling
• Type of dwelling
• Condition of occupancy
• The information about the characteristics of the dwelling that you can observe

After having completed the form, you will do the following:

• Write the subtotals of the columns and note the corresponding number on this form on the first line where it says Sheet number __ of __, and do the same in the following pages, taking care to note for the first page 1, for the second the number 2, etc. in the same manner that was explained for when you used three forms or more.
• When you complete the route of your segment, you should add up the subtotals of all of the previous forms and accumulate these numbers with the ones from the last form, writing the totals in the last line. After accumulating these totals, you will continue by filling in the second line where it says Number __ of __. For this, you will write on all of the second lines the last number that you wrote on the first line of the last page.
• On the next page, you will observe an example of the correct form to fill in the Enumerator's route form.

Instructions for completing form "Enumerator's route CNPV-95-3"
Note the name and code of the department, municipality, and the code of the area of supervision and of the segment where you will carry out the enumeration.

Column number:

When you complete the information on the page, add up each of the columns and write the subtotals in the spaces on line 19. On the last page that you used to note the route of your segment, you will note on line 20, "Total", the sum of all of the sub-totals.

Instructions for filling in the Census form

I. Geographic location and location of the dwelling
In this section we define the location of each and every one of the dwelling that will be enumerated.

A) The enumerator will transfer to the forms the complete names and codes that are found detailed in the briefcase that contains the Census materials for the enumeration segment and which refer to: department, municipality, supervision area and Census section.

B) To note the name of the locality, you will find out the name in the place where you are carrying out the enumeration, since it could be that you are located in a locality that has boundary conflicts or that has changed its name. If there was a change of name, you will have among your control forms one that is called "List of localities", on which you should write the actual name and the previous name.

I. Geographic localization and location of the dwelling

• Department
• Municipality
• Locality
• Supervision area
• Census section
• Dwelling number within the section
• Neighborhood or village
• Exact address

The information for 1, 2, 4, and 5, should be noted on the forms before you arrive to do the interview. As for the information for numerals 3, 6, 7, and 8, you will obtain it from the dwelling itself; they will be completed in the following manner:

You will note all of the precise signs that permit getting to the dwelling with the most ease. In the case of the rural area or disperse dwellings, you will note first the name of the place or location and then the road, highway or other references that will permit location the dwelling, exactly as you are instructed by the informant.

Name of the enumerator and date of the interview
The enumerator will note, on the corresponding line, his name and the date of the interview.

• Name of the supervisor and revision date

This part of the form corresponds to the supervisor, here he/she will write his/her name and the date of the revision of the form.

II. Information about the dwelling

Concept of dwelling:
This is all places delimited by walls and roof where one or more persons habitually reside, which means that they sleep, prepare food, and are protected from the elements. It also means that the persons can enter or leave the dwelling without passing through another dwelling, using direct access from the street or through a corridor. You should be aware that there are dwellings with one front but in the interior there can be other dwellings, which you will have to enumerate separately.

Type of dwelling:
You will understand type of dwelling as the form in which each of them is occupied. For the purpose of the census, they are divided into two large groups: private or collective.

Question 1
Private dwelling:
This is every dwelling that is occupied by one or more groups of persons or one person, linked or not by family ties. This type of dwelling should be structurally separate and independent. Private dwellings are also classified into the following types:

Collective dwelling:
This is a habitation or building where a group of persons reside without family ties among them and who share the habitation for reasons of housing, health, studies, religion, old age, orphans, etc.

Among the collective dwellings we include:


Observations:

Question 2: Condition of occupancy
1. Occupied with inhabitants present
This is a house or dwelling in which one or more persons reside in habitual form for the time defined by the census.

2. Occupied, with inhabitants absent
This is a house or dwelling in which one or more persons habitually reside, but at the moment that you pass on your route, the person or persons are not present or you only encounter persons who cannot give the information requested on the Census Form.

In this case, you should note on your route form that you did not enumerate the dwelling because you did not encounter the occupants and you will leave a notice for them. On the notice, you will indicate the date and time at which you will return to do the interview, saving the form for this purpose.

If when you return to the dwelling you encounter the occupants and complete the interview, make a diagonal line over the date and time that you have previously marked to make the return visit and note all of the information that are indicated starting with column 11.

If, on the contrary, when you return to the dwelling the occupants are still absent, you will leave a Citation so that these persons go to be enumerated in the respective office of Census.

3 [to 6]. Unoccupied dwelling
If the dwelling is unoccupied for whatever reason (for rent or sale, seasonal use, under construction or repair, or any other reason) you will note on your Route Form that you did not enumerate the dwelling because it was unoccupied and you will mark the corresponding box, considering the interview concluded. If at the moment that you do the enumeration it is inhabited, you should mark it as unoccupied only if the occupants are vacationers.

Question 3: Predominant material of the walls
You should consider only the exterior walls of the dwelling. What is important is the base material of the construction and not the covering. In this question you should mark only one of the boxes. If in the dwelling there is more than one material, you should mark the predominant material.

Question 4: Predominant material of the roof
The roof refers to the material that protects the majority of the dwelling (does not refer to ceiling in the interior). You should mark only one of the alternative answers. If there is more than one type of material in the roof, you will mark the predominant one.

Question 5: Predominant flooring material
In this case, we want to know the material that covers the floor in the dwelling. If the floor of the dwelling is built of more than one material, mark the predominant one.

What is the predominant material used for flooring? [The following choices are described by illustration]

Question 6: Number of rooms
Room: This is a space within the dwelling that is delimited by fixed divisions of any material. You should count as rooms: the living room, the dining room, the bedrooms, the combined living room/dining room, but you should not include in the count: the bathroom, hallway, kitchen, garages, storage room, workshop, etc.

Note the total number of rooms that the dwelling has, and of this total, note the number that are used for sleeping as long as the room does not have another use during the day.

Question 7: Kitchen
Check if the dwelling has a room that is used only for cooking when it meets the characteristics of "room" defined above.

Mark only one of the answers. If the answer is positive, ask the question: Do people also sleep in the room used for cooking?

Question 8: Water service
We are interested in knowing in what manner the occupants of the dwelling obtain water. The enumerator should read the question and mark one of the answer alternatives.

Question 9: Toilet facilities
This is the installation to eliminate fecal materials. It can be an outhouse or latrine, it can be a toilet connected to a sewage network, connected to a septic field or septic well or it can discharge to a river or ditch.

Read the question and each one of the alternative answers and mark the one that is indicated by the informant. If in any dwelling you are told that there is a toilet and an outhouse, you should mark only one of the answers. In this case, you will mark the box for toilet.

Question 10: Lighting service
The lighting service can come from a public network or another means. You should mark only one alternative based on the informant's answer.

Question 11: Type of tenure
This refers to the form of possession or legal situation of the dwelling. You should mark only one of the alternatives.

Question 12: Workshop or industry in home
With this question we want to know if in the private dwelling, in addition to occupying it for living purposes, it is also used to carry out any economic activity.

Question 13: Health

Population data
The above point makes reference to the dwelling and its characteristics. The other part deals with the persons who live or habitually reside in the dwelling during the period of census taking.

For the adequate management and interpretation of the themes that will be investigated in this respect, you should carefully study the following definitions, examples, illustrations and instructions:

Census moment
As an example, if the Census were to begin on March 12, 1995, the census moment is the instant that marks zero hours, zero minutes, zero seconds, which would be hour twenty-four (12 midnight) of the day Saturday, March 11, 1995.

Setting the census moment or census date permits eliminating confusion at the moment of deciding who should and should not be enumerated, especially in the case of persons who are absent, newborns, or recently deceased.

This means that you should enumerate all of the persons who were alive at midnight on the night of March 11, including newborns even if they died after this moment. In the same manner, you should not enumerate persons who were born after this moment.

For example: Suppose that you arrived at a dwelling on March 14 and the informant tells you that among the members of the dwelling there is a girl who was born on Sunday, March 12 at four o'clock in the afternoon; this same day you visited another dwelling where the informant's father died on Monday, March 13 at three o'clock in the morning. What will you do when you encounter these cases?

Population Census
This is a set of functions that consists of collecting, elaborating, analyzing, and publishing data that is demographic, economic, and social regarding the inhabitants of a country, in a given moment or a determined period.

Type of Census
The National Census of Population in 1995 will be de jure or "of rights", which means that the persons should be enumerated in the habitual place of residency, within the territory and waters under the jurisdiction of the Republic, whether or not they are present at the moment of the Census.

Definition of habitual resident
We consider a habitual resident to be a person who has been established in the dwelling for a period of six months or more and those who have the intention of residing in the dwelling, independent of the time that they have been established in it.

It is very important that you count all of the persons. For the occupants of the dwelling that are being enumerated, you should remember at the moment that you carry out the interviews, that it is the informant who should know the number of persons who habitually live in the dwelling. Only if the informant has doubts about including a person or not, then you can assist him/her in considering those that:

Should be enumerated:

Should not be enumerated:


Should not be enumerated:


Should be enumerated:

III. List of persons who inhabit the dwelling
The goal of the list is to achieve an ordering and grouping of all of the persons who are habitual residents of the dwelling by family group but including the non-family members who live in the dwelling, and also to group all of them by age and sex.

For the purpose of the census, the "head of household" is considered to be the person recognized as such by the rest of the family members.

The enumerator should write on the list the name and last name of each of the persons who are habitual residents of the dwelling in the following form:

You will begin the list by noting the head of household, which can be male or female.

The rest of the persons are noted according to their relationship to the head of household, in the following order:

Use of an additional form
a) When there are more than 10 inhabitants in the dwelling.
b) When there are more than 3 persons from the dwelling who died in the period specified in the form.
c) When there is more than one agricultural producer or rancher in the dwelling.

What should you do when there are more than 10 persons in the dwelling?

If more than ten persons reside in the dwelling, you will use as many additional forms as necessary, which will be completed in the following manner:

IV. Mortality

Question 1
You will register the persons who lived in the dwelling and have died in the period between January 1, 1993, to the census moment, including children and elderly persons.

The date will be noted in numerical form. For example, the day May 2, 1994: You will note the number that corresponds to the day, then the month, and at the end the last two digits of the year.
You will write: 02/05/94.

In the column of sex, you will make an X over the corresponding box and in the next column you will write the age of the deceased in completed years at the time of death in numeric format. For example: "45" (forty-five), "52" (fifty-two), and "00" (zero zero) for children younger than 1 year and "98" for persons who died at age 98 or older.

Question 2
If in the dwelling they declared that one or more persons died, you should ask the question "Was a death certificate obtained from MINSA in respect of the deceased person(s)?" marking an "X" in the alternative that corresponds to each person.

V. Persons in the dwelling
This part of the Form corresponds to the heading of each page. On each one, you should copy the corresponding order number, name and last name of each person noted on the "List of persons". It is convenient to fill in both sets of information at once for all of the persons following the same order in which they appear on the list.

Question 1: Relationship
We want to know the person's relationship to the head of household and not the relationship between each of the members. Option 3, "Son/daughter", also includes adopted children and step-children. If the informant declares that any of the persons is a brother/sister, grandparent, cousin, nephew, or uncle of the head of household, then you will mark option 7, "Other relative". Remember that the head of household or the qualified informant should also answer Section VI about agricultural information. This Section VI should be completed on the first form in the case that you complete two or more and there is only one producer.

Question 2: Sex
The question, "Is the person male or female?" will not be asked of the persons who are present, you will just write the answer by simple observation. In the case the informant responds for other members of the family, be sure that the information is correct, since there are names that are used for both males and females. For example: Guadalupe, Isabel, Carmen, Socorro, Concepcion, Jesus, Dolores, Maria, etc.

Question 3: Age and date of birth
The age will be noted with numbers in the corresponding boxes, placing the completed years exactly as the informant declares, without suggesting or calculating ages.

If the person is younger than 1 year, you will note "00"; and if the person is age 98 or older, you will note "98".

In regards to the date of birth, you should write the day, month, and the last two digits of the year of birth of the enumerated person.

Example:
If they declare that the person has completed 23 years, you will note this same number in the corresponding boxes.

If the date of birth of this person is October 21, 1971 then you will write: 21/10/71

Question 4: Place of birth
For the purpose of the census, we consider the place of birth of the person as the municipality of the habitual residence of the person's mother at the time of birth, even if the delivery occurred in another municipality distinct from the one of the mother's habitual residence, because of medical care or other accidental reasons. If for the census you do not indicate the birth of the child in the place of the mother's residence, then we will have a false result for migrations. Therefore, you should be very careful with this question.

You will ask, "In which municipality of the country were you born?" But explaining that you want to know in which municipality the person started to grow up.

If the person was born in the same municipality where you are conducting the interview, you will mark the box that corresponds to Category 1 (Here, in this municipality) with an "X" and you will leave the rest blank.

If the person was born in another municipality, you will write the name of the municipality. For those who were born in another country, you should be careful to write the complete name of the country of origin clearly and at the same time, write the year of arrival in Nicaragua when the person intended to stay here. Leave the boxes to the right blank; they are for office use.

Questions only for persons who are age 5 or older

Question 5: Mother tongue
We consider the mother tongue as the language that was habitually spoken in the dwelling of the person since the person's infancy or childhood. For mutes, you will note the language of the mother. You should mark only one of the alternatives with an "X".

Question 6: Religion
You should mark the religion that the interviewed person declares to profess, independent of whether within the same dwelling there are members with distinct religions.

When the informant declares to belong to one of the following religions: Adventist, Jehovah's Witness, Mormon or other religions, you should mark the category "Other".

Question 7: Place of previous residence
This refers to the last municipality, department or country where the person resided immediately before moving to the municipality where he/she resides at the census moment.

Ask: "In which municipality, department, or country did you reside in the year 1990?"

If the municipality of habitual residency in 1990 is the same as at the moment of enumeration, select category 1, "Here, in this municipality" and you will leave the rest of this question blank.

If the person resided in a different municipality from the current habitual residency, you will write the name of the municipality and department in the corresponding spaces.

If the person resided in another country, you will write the name of the country in the respective space.

Leave the boxes to the right blank; they are for office use.

Question 8: Literacy
A person is considered literate when he/she knows how to read and write; if he/she can write and read at least a message or paragraph.

A person is considered not able to read and write in the cases where they respond:

• Only knows how to read a little, but does not know how to write
• Only knows how to read his/her name or a few words
• Used to know how to read and write, but has forgotten
• Only knows how to write, but does not know how to read

In these cases, you will mark choice "3".

Question 9: School attendance
You should mark "Yes" when the person is currently studying and is registered for the current year, even if at this moment the person is on vacation, waiting for exams, or in another situation such as being ill, due to bad weather, etc.

You will only mark "No'' when the person does not attend or did not attend school at any moment of the year, even if he/she was registered and when the person has already completed his/her studies.

Question 10: Schooling
This question refers only to the grade, year, or level that was passed completely. This is not the grade or year that was left unfinished or the current one. This is the last, highest grade passed.

Question 11: Degree obtained
These questions will be asked of all persons who studied at the levels of basic technical, secondary technical, higher technical, and university.

You will note the name of the studies or field that he/she studied and completed.

You should consider as "Graduated" and "Obtained a diploma" if the person declared that he/she already completed the studies noted in the same question 11.

Questions only for persons who are age 10 or older
The goals of these questions are to know the current marital status of the persons and the principal economic characteristics of the population that participated in the production of goods and services, as well as those who are dedicated to non-economic activities, such as: household chores, studying, etc.

If the person is younger than 10, continue with the next person.

Question 12: Marital status
For marital status, the census includes the situation of each person in relation to the laws or customs related to marriage or cohabitating that exist in the country.

Mark with an "X" the marital status that the informant declares.

Note: If a person was already married or cohabitating, for the purpose of the census, this person cannot be considered single; be careful with this question because many persons who have separated or widowed or divorced have the custom of considering themselves single.

Question 13: Working status
Last week this person:

With this question we want to know who had work the week previous to the census and who was unemployed.

Before asking this question, be aware of the following definitions:

For the purpose of the census, the following are considered "Work":

From this question 13, the alternatives "01" to "04" will indicate the number of persons who worked in the week before the census. From the answers "05" to "07" we will obtain the information about those persons who , being part of the economically active population, are unemployed. From the answers of the alternatives "08" to "13" we will obtain the information about the persons considered economically inactive.

For the purpose of the census, the following will not be considered work:

a) The tasks carried out in the household, such as household chores (except the domestic employees who are paid) and activities that persons carry out in their own homes.

b) The tasks of unpaid volunteers in churches, as firemen, or other charitable organizations; also included are the tasks of persons who are involuntarily confined in institutions (prison, sanatoriums, asylums, penal ranches, etc.).

Taking into account the definition of "work", ask the person being enumerated, "What did you do during the majority of the time last week?"


Remember that you should only mark one answer.

If the person responded any of the answers "08" to "13", you should continue with question 14. You must continue to mark one of the options, even if it will be "07": "No activity".

Question 14: Last week the person worked in
With this question we try to collect information from those persons who during the reference week carried out some activity inside or outside of the dwelling that provided income in money or goods.

Within these activities we find: laundering, ironing, sewing for someone else, making bread, tortillas, candy or other foods to sell, making artisanal goods to sell, field work, and other activities.

If the person responded to any of the alternatives 1 to 6, you will continue with question 15 and write for the principal occupation the class of task that the person carried out as paid work, whether in money or goods, even if their principal work was that of housewife or student. Then, you should continue with questions 16, 17, and 18.

If the person answered alternative 7 (no activity) and is a woman who is fourteen years or more, you will continue with question 19 without marking anything for questions 15 to 18. If the person is a man, you will continue to the next person, but remembering that if this is the last informant for the dwelling, you should continue with Section VI about agricultural information.

Question 15: Main occupation
With this question we want to know what the person did, has done, or does in his/her principal work, which means the tasks the person carries out. What occupation did the person have, what was the person's position, or what type of work did the person do in the week before the day of the census or in his/her last day of work?

If the person has more than one occupation, you will note the one to which the person dedicates the greatest number of hours, or if he/she dedicated the same number of hours, the one that provided the greatest income. If it is the case of the same number of hours and equal income, then the principal occupation will be the one that the enumerated person considers to be the most important.

Recommendations:
1) The occupation should be noted clearly and with all of the details.

2) Do not write in general terms, such as: salesman, employee, office worker, worker, assistant, driver, etc., instead it is necessary that you clearly explain as shown in the following cases:

• Salesman: door-to-door salesman, salesman who roams from area to area, newspaper salesman, salesman in a clothing shop, wholesale salesman, retail salesman
• Worker: construction laborer, carpenter, framer, baker, lathe worker, plumber
• Agricultural worker: milker, pruner, coffee harvester, cutter of sugar cane, coffee, cotton, etc., corral worker
• Employee/office worker: typist, commercial secretary, executive secretary, bilingual secretary, commercial accountant, public accountant, bookkeeper
• Mechanic: automobile mechanic, motorcycle mechanic, dental mechanic, aviation mechanic, refrigeration and air conditioning mechanic
• Teacher: elementary school teacher, high school teacher, university professor, physical education teacher, teacher of dance, singing, swimming, beauty, etc.

3) Do not note write the profession of the enumerated person, especially if the person does not currently practice it. Consider the following examples:

Question 16: Status in Occupation
With this question we want to know what status the person had in the principal job that he/she did during the week previous to the census. This means, we want to know if the person was an employee or worker, a laborer or day laborer, self-employed, employer or business owner, unpaid worker, member of a cooperative, or other.

Question 17: Branch of activity
We understand branch of economic activity as the activity of the establishment in which an employed person worked during the reference week or during the person's work before becoming unemployed.

This means that you will ask about what was done at the factory, industry, workshop, farm, or establishment where the person did some type of work.

Describe, in the corresponding space, the activity of the establishment in which the enumerated person carried out the principal occupation declared in question 15.

In different situations we may find some artisans, roaming salespersons, those who have a vending position in the street, and persons who carry out some economic activity in their homes; the majority of them work as self-employed, as is the case of those who sell at stoplights. These persons do not have an establishment where they carry out their work, and therefore generally their branch of activity in which they work is going to be the same as the description of their principal occupation.

Do not forget that you should note that to which activity the business, store, company, office or place where the person worked is dedicated to doing. If the person did not work in any of these places, you should note what the person manufactured, repaired, cleaned, sold, transported, cultivated, or did.

When you describe the branch of activity, do not use general terms such as: Factory, ranch, workshop, store, etc.

You should clearly explain as shown in these examples:

• Factory: Shirt factory, footwear factory, factory of food products, clothing factory, factory of plastic products
• Workshop: Sewing workshop, automobile repair shop, lathe workshop, shoe workshop, carpentry workshop
• Farm: Coffee farm, corn farm, tobacco farm, cattle ranch, bean farm

The information about the branch of economic activity of the establishment where the person works is important for knowing the productive structure of the country.

Whenever it is answerable, you should not leave this space blank.

Question 18: Hours worked
With this question we want to know how many total hours the person worked in the week before the census. If the enumerated person worked at more than one job, you should add up the hours worked in each job and note the total hours worked.

If the informant does not know the hours that the person works per week, you should ask how many days the person worked the week before, do the corresponding multiplication and note the answer.

If the enumerated person had work, but did not work during the reference week, you will note the normal number of hours that the person works per week.

If during the week before the census the person worked extra hours, you should add them up to obtain the total number of hours worked.

Questions only for women who are age 14 or older
This series of questions will only be asked of women age 14 or older. For the case of all of the females younger than 14 and all males of any age, you will annul the questions from 19 to 25 by making a diagonal line through each of the boxes.

Question 19: Has the woman had any live-born children?
We understand as live-born the boy or girl who at the moment of birth shows signs of life: breathing, crying, muscle movement or palpitations, even if the child died immediately.

This question should be asked of all women age fourteen years and more. If the answer is "No", continue with the next person and make a diagonal line through each of the questions from 20 to 25.

Question 20: How many live-born children has the woman had in total?
In the boxes of this question you should note exactly the number of live-born children in total, including those who have died and those who are currently alive, whether or not these children are residents in the dwelling and even if they live in another country or were born in another country.

Question 21: Of these children, how many are still living?
Here we count all of those children, male and female, who are alive on the date of the census, where or not they lived with the mother.

Notes:
a) The number of deceased can never be greater than the number of live-born children noted in question number 20.

b) In question number 20, the informant could have omitted or forgotten the children who were born alive and died and when question number 21 is asked, it reminds them of these children, therefore you will correct the information previously noted in question number 20 and write the correct information.

Question 22: What is the date of birth of the woman's last live-born child?
You should note, in numerical format, the day, month, and year in which the last child was born alive whether or not the child is alive or has died.

For example, if the child was born on the 28 of October, 1958, you will note it like this: 28/10/58

In regard to the year, you will only note the last two digits.

Note: In this question, the informant can confuse the youngest son or daughter that is currently alive. You should clearly make the distinction that this is the date of the last child that was born alive even if this child is deceased.

Question 23: Is the woman's last live-born child still alive?
This question refers to the child who was born alive and who is currently alive or died after being born, even if the child only lived for seconds, minutes, or hours, or if the child died after a few days, weeks, months, or years of life. There are two alternative answers, which are alive or deceased.

Notes:
a) Remember the definition that is given for live-born children in question number 19.
b) The informant should understand clearly that this question is only for the last child who was born alive and that is referred to with question number 22.

Question 24: If the woman's last child was born in the last five years, was a birth certificate obtained from MINSA?
You should only note "Yes" if MINSA provided a certificate at the moment of birth of the person's last live-born child.

If the informant or you are not clear to which child this refers to, verify this with question 22 in which you note the date of birth of the last son or daughter who was born alive.

Question 25: If the woman's last child died within the last five years, was a death certificate obtained from MINSA?
You should note "Yes" only if MINSA provided the certificate at the moment of death of the last live-born child.

Be aware that this question is closely linked to questions number 22 and 23.

VI. Directory of farms and agricultural producers
Concepts for the agricultural section:

Producer:
Civil or legal person who exercises administrative control over the operations of a unit of production and makes the principal decisions regarding the utilization of the available resources. The producer has technical and economic responsibilities regarding the farm.

Ranching population:
This is the number of animals that are present on the farm at the moment of taking the census, no matter who the owner is. The ranching population consists of the animals in transit (going towards the property) at the moment of enumeration.

Objectives:

• The information will permit us to structure a list of producers by principal activity of the farm.
• We will be able to incorporate a framework of areas by the different crops indicating those that principally affect the economy.
• We will know the area dedicated to the production of basic grains (corn, beans, soy), at the national level.
• We will be able to incorporate a framework over the existence of beef cattle, pigs, and corral poultry with the goal of carrying out future cattle polls.

General instructions:

• Ask the questions in the order that they appear and exactly as they are written.
• You will mark or write the answer that the informant gives you and not the one that you consider to be correct.
• With question 3, part A and all of the alternatives of part C want to know the surface of the farm in "manzanas" [Note: This is a unit of surface measurement that varies by country and sometimes by region. Often it is about 1.5 acres.]. When the informant declares an amount in manzanas with portions or fractions, as for example three and one quarter (3.25) manzanas, three and a half (3.5), etc., the enumerator should convert the portions and fractions to decimals and round it to one decimal.
• This decimal will be noted in the corresponding box next to the line after the decimal point that is already on the form.

If the informant declares that he/she farms corn:
a) 20 1/2 manzanas = 20.50 you should note 20.5
b) 20 1/4 manzanas = 20.25 you should note 20.3
c) 20 1/3 manzanas = 20.33 you should note 20.3
d) 20 1/5 manzanas = 20.20 you should note 20.2
e) 20 3/4 manzanas = 20.75 you should note 20.8

In "Observations", you will note any information that you consider necessary to clarify any doubt that may come up in the office.

Instructions for filling out the agropecuary section
When more than one producer and/or rancher resides in the dwelling, you will use as many forms as necessary to collect the data for each of them.
Remember that when you have to complete more than one form, on the additional forms you should repeat the information about location and geographic location, and indicate the number of forms per dwelling.
Section VI will be applied when the informant of the dwelling tells you that any or some of the persons who reside in the dwelling are dedicated to agricultural cultivation or the management of beef cattle, pigs, or corral poultry.

For the fraction of manzana, you will use one decimal and note it in the space that is to the right side of the decimal point (in the box). In the case that there is no fraction, you will write zero.

B. Form of possession
Mark only one of the alternatives with an "X".

C. Surface dedicated to:
You will register the land surface (in manzanas) that is dedicated to the crops mentioned in this question. If on the farm there are crops or vegetation that are not included in the classification, you will note them in "Others" and you will verify that the sum of these coincides with the total surface that is managed by the producer or rancher.

For fractions of manzanas, use one decimal in the space that is to the right of the decimal point, and in the case that there is no fraction, write zero.

D. Cattle and corral poultry
This refers to the number of animals under the responsibility of the producer, whether or not they are the producer's property.

Beef cattle:
In the corresponding box, you will note the number of head of cattle that the producer or rancher manages, by sex and age, on the day of the interview.

Pigs and corral poultry:
In the corresponding box, you will note the existence of pigs and corral poultry that are managed by the producer or rancher.

Final instructions
Revision of the form and preparation of the report
Consulting:
You will read the enumerator's manual daily, taking it with you at all times and consulting it each time you have a doubt and if the manual does not clarify the doubt, you will immediately speak with your supervisor.

Reviewing the forms:
When you finish each day as an enumerator, you will review the forms to verify if all of them are complete, and if there is any question that is not answered, you will return to the dwelling to request the information.

Enumerator's report:
Finally, the enumerator will prepare a report, which will help evaluate the census process as related to his/her job. This report will consist of a brief summary of your work and a summary presentation of the successes and difficulties experienced during the taking of the census.