[p. 1]

Instructions to enumerators

Definition of the census

"A census is the ensemble of operations which consist of gathering, grouping, evaluating, analyzing and publishing the demographic, economic, social facts relating, at any given moment, to all inhabitants of a country or an established part of a country."

General instructions

A. Duties of the enumerator

1. This instruction booklet specially prepared for you must be your guide during the enumeration. Guard it as closely as you do the questionnaires which will be given to you.

2. You will have complete responsibility of the enumeration districts (S.D'E) under the guidance of your supervisor, which will be assigned to you.

3. The work should be carried out with the greatest care.

4. If a fact on the questionnaire or the instructions does not appear clear to you, or if you have some doubts on what you should do, go directly to your supervisor.

[p. 2]

5. The mandate from January 7, 1982 requiring the General Census of the population and dwelling makes it obligatory for all Haitian citizens and all foreigners found within the boundaries of the national territory, on the date of the census to contribute to the success of these operations by filling out forms correctly and following the guidelines which are pointed out to them (article 7).

6. However, you should act with a lot of tact. Show that you are very polite, and explain briefly to the people in question the confidential characteristics of the information that you receive.

7. The questions should be asked of the head of household, or, in case of his absence, any other member of the household capable of answering correctly.

8. It is expressly forbidden to communicate to anyone at all the information gathered, to reproduce all or parts of the information for your own purpose or the purpose of a third party, under penalty of sanctions prescribed by the mandate requiring the census.

9. It is strictly forbidden to delegate another person in your place to accomplish the task entrusted to your care. The interview, having a confidential nature, forbids that anyone should assist in the operation with the exception of your supervisor, qualified agents from the Census Bureau (Haitian Institute of Statistics and Information), or members of the household visited.

10. It is required of the people to answer the questions truthfully.

11. You should check carefully at the end of each interview that all the answers have been correctly recorded. Verify if the order of the visit of the residential unit and the date of the interview have been marked down correctly, sign the questionnaire.

12. Do not waste time in chatting with the people whom you interview. Be brief, ask the necessary questions, record their answers, avoid discussions of any kind, thank the people counted and go on the next residential unit.

[p. 3]

13. Physical aspect - The suit and its upkeep have an influence on the attitude of certain interviewees, which makes it necessary to dress normally, abstemiously but cleanly.

14. General way of making contact with the interviewees.

15. Supplementary instruction to enumerator: The enumerator will make a tour of his enumeration district with the immediate supervisor before the beginning of the count.

[p. 4]

16. Normal residence: You should count all people on the questionnaire who are part of the household normally, whether they are present or absent at the time of the census. Take care not to forget mentioning those absent (a person moving, hospitalized temporarily, or visiting parents, or high school students in a boarding house). You will ask for all the information pertaining to those absent as well as for those present. The foreigner residing in Haiti for six months or less than six months planning on staying is considered a resident. A person who has left for less than 6 months intending on not coming back is not considered a part of the household.

17. Household: Normally, the household is a group of people generally related by blood, but not required to be so, living in the same residential unit and usually taking their meals together. A person living alone makes up a household.

18. Building: A building is an independent construction which is made up of one or more rooms and other areas. This construction is covered by a roof and generally closed in with exterior and adjoining walls going from the foundations to the roof.
However, this construction can be formed only by a room holding up a structure of some kind, without having permanent walls. It is necessary to consider, furthermore, as making up a main building, the detached rooms such as the kitchen, storehouse, and other small structures in the courtyard of the construction.

19. Residential unit or dwelling: Consider all rooms or all groups of rooms as the residential unit or dwelling which, inside a larger construction, serve as a residence to a household or to one person living alone. If the building is entirely occupied by a single household or by one person living alone, this building is considered a residential unit or dwelling.

[p. 5]

20. Rooms: We call a room any space in a residential unit surrounded by four walls, except the bathroom (if it contains a sanitary installation). All the detached rooms (maid's room, garage, storehouse, etc.) must be counted as rooms if they are being lived in. The rooms serving only a professional or business purpose should be taken into consideration in the counting of the rooms of the dwelling. In the case where a single household living in several buildings or constructions in the same courtyard, their rooms will be considered as one single residential unit or dwelling.

21. People to count: You should count all people (including those who are temporarily absent) whose normal residence is found in the enumeration district which is entrusted to you. This corresponds to those whom we call the legal population which is made up of all people legally living in the country no matter what place they are found in at the time of the census.

By "temporarily absent", you must include people absent for less than 6 months with the intention of returning, such as people traveling, students in a boarding school, sick people hospitalized, people in prison, etc.

22. Servants: The yard workers, managers, servants, maids, cooks, housekeepers, etc., who regularly sleep in the house of their employer and who have no normal residence outside of this house must be counted as being part of the household in the position of "servants". This rule is applicable as well to servants in hotels, boarding institutions, etc. Children employed in the household are listed under a separate heading.

23. Other relative and friend: Every person must be counted as "other relative and friend" (not listed in the other categories 1 to 6, 8, relationship) if they are residing permanently in a household and sometimes take his meals with the members of the household.

[p. 6]

24. People encountered in hotels, boarding schools, establishments, etc.: Any person of Haitian or foreign nationality living in a hotel, a military barrack, a boarding school, or other establishment as a resident or boarder for a period of at least 6 months will be recorded as another relative or friend in the questionnaire.

25. Military: The soldiers of the Haitian Armed Forces, Volunteer National Security Forces, firefighters and marines of the Haitian Marines who do not have a normal residence outside the military posts where they carry out their service activities will be counted at these posts. The officers who live in apartments in a military post will be counted there. These apartments will be considered as private residences.

26. Individuals without a fixed residence will be counted by special enumerators.
High school and college students in boarding houses must be counted in the home of their parents.

27. People not to be counted.
It is not necessary to count people included in the categories below:

[p. 7]

Content of the questionnaire
28. The questionnaire is comprised of five parts or chapters:

• Chapter 1 concerns the location of the household from a geographic point of view.
• Chapter 2 is relative to the building (and residential use) in which the household lives.
• Chapter 3 contains information on the residential unit which the household occupies in the building. The number of residential units per building can vary from one to several.
• Chapter 4 contains an entire group of questions on the population. The questions are personal. This chapter is itself subdivided into four parts:

• Chapter V includes the deceased which took place in the household one year before the census.

The last part of the questionnaire includes the identification of the enumerator and the supervisor at the left of the form. In the middle a space is reserved for the observations of the supervisor and on the very right a space is strictly reserved for the Central Bureau for the calculations of the preliminary results.

29. The enumerator, even before beginning the interview, will make sure to write his name, the date and his signature in the rectangle destined for this purpose as well as the name of his immediate supervisor. This latter will write, at a later date, the date he checks each of the questionnaires turned in to him.

I. Location
[Questions 1-6.]

30. This chapter allows the spatial situating of the information gathered. This part must therefore be filled out with much care.

[p. 8]
Questions 1, 2, 3
30. Write the county, neighborhood, and commune clearly where the enumeration district (S'DE) is located in which you are going to work. You will find this information on the outline of the S'DE which you will receive at the time of your assignment.

Question 4: Address
31. If the building or residential unit which you count is located in a city, please record the complete address by writing down the name of the city, the street, and the building number established by the town council.
If the building is located in a neighborhood of the commune or in a rural district, record the name of the neighborhood or the rural district, whatever the case may be, in the space indicated.

32. Question 5 - The supervision district and the enumeration district are identified by a group of four digits which you will find recorded on the outline of the S'DE. The two digits on the left represent the supervision district and the other two represent the enumeration district.

[33. Question 6 - Information on the division of rural districts and how to record them on the questionnaires is not presented here]

[p. 9]

II. Building or construction

[Questions 8-19.]

[34. Instructions on where to write down the building number and with what kind of writing utensil are not presented here]

34. This entry corresponds to the number of the visiting order of the building.
It remains understood that the first building visited in the enumeration district will have the number "001", the second "002" and so forth without any gap or omission in the sequence.

[An example on how to record the building numbers is not presented here]

36. Question 8: Type of building.
The enumerator will carefully observe the building which he is going to count. In order to help him determine the type, some images presenting the structures most frequently encountered in the country are presented in the manual.
It is important, after the observation, to pinpoint the type and check the appropriate box in the questionnaire.

[p. 10]

General characteristics of various types
37. Type 01 - Kay à tè: This construction appears as a tent whose roof and walls are merged.

• The roof is generally made of straw, in taches or branches of palm trees.
• The ground is made of clay. A movable board (mat, tache, or palm branch) serves as an opening. The kitchen is most often open to the sky.
• You should not confuse the kay à tè with the shelters which are not for residential use which you find in gardens or in plantations.

[p. 11]

38. Type 02: A shanty is a construction made mainly of the rubbish from construction materials.

• The roof is made of palm tree strips, corrugated sheet metal, or cardboard.
• The walls can be made in clissage à nu, en clissage et bousillage, salvaged sheet metal, waste blocks (déchets de blocs) or waste wood (bois de récupération.)
• Inside the shanty, the partitions are made from pieces of cloth, drapes, or cardboard.
• The ground is almost always made of clay.
• The kitchen, just like the "kay à tè", is open to the sky.
• Usually, this type of precarious constructions grouped together form shantytowns located on the borders and the entrance of cities.

[p. 12]

39. Type 03 - Joupa: This is the dwelling type that you find in a rural area.

• The roof of the "joupa" is made of straw, taches, or palm branches.
• The walls can be made in clissage et bousillage, en muraille, rocks, palm branch boards, squared boards, or regular boards.
• Different from the types previously defined, the joupa has door openings made from boards with hinges and hooks. It is also more spacious than the types already mentioned, including at least 2 rooms or more. It often has additional rooms like a covered kitchen, a dovecote, or a hold.

[p. 13]

40 - Type 04 - Kay tôle: It resembles the "joupa" with two rooms or more. However, it is different from the "joupa" because of its roof which is made of corrugated sheet metal.

[p. 14]

41 - Type 05 - Maison en dur (sheet metal roof)

• This type of construction has a sheet metal roof and outer walls made of masonry, brick, rocks, or a combination.
• These houses can have one or more floors. Their environment is very different from that in the city. They do not have spacious arranged gardens.

[p. 15]

42. Type 06 - Former house (colonial, "gingerbread")
This type of construction has:

• The roof made of slate, tile, or sheet metal
• The walls can be made of brick, rock, boards, or a combination

There are usually some decorative elements made of wood or crosspiece present on the front side of the house. When it has several stories, there are wood or wrought iron balconies. The boards are at times supported by metallic beams.

[p. 16]

43. Type 07 - House of concrete slabs (roof made of cement)
These are structures whose exterior walls are made of masonry, concrete slabs, brick, or rock and whose roof is made of reinforced concrete. The floor can be made of wood, reinforced concrete, or floor tiles.

[p. 17]

44. Type 08 - Villa: This structure generally usually has modern architecture with practical arrangement of the space, a garden and, at times, a swimming pool.

• The roof can be made of reinforced concrete, tile, asbestos cement, or sheet metal.
• The ground is made of mosaic, inlaid wood work, ceramics or clay floor tiles.
• The entrances can be made of glass, sculpted wood protected by wrought iron.

[p. 18]

45 - Type 09 - Duplex, triplex, apartment buildings

• These structures are defined by the number of identical living units constructed in a collective space.
• The living units or apartments which make up these structures are connected by a staircase when they are constructed on several floors or by shared walls when they are constructed on the same floor, spread out in a collective space.
• This type of structure is called "duplex" when there are two living units, triplex when there are three units, and apartment building when it is constructed with more than two stories.

[p. 19]

46. Type 10 - Hotels, boarding homes, hospital, barracks, etc.
Check the appropriate box when one of these institutions applies, without taking into account the characteristics of the building.

[p. 20]

47. Type 11 - Other, not built for residential use
You must count under this heading: garages, depots, or any place or structure not meant to for residential use but used as such.

[p. 21]

48. Occupational status

• If the building is occupied (resided in), put an "x" in the corresponding box and go on to the following question.
• If the building is vacant (not lived in) put an "x" in the corresponding box and go on the next building.

49. Use
1) Building with a single living unit.
List in this category the buildings meant to be occupied by one household and which are used as such at the time of the census.
Note that the buildings or structures on the same land as an institution, such as a school, hospital, barracks, or other must be considered separately and counted as such. For example, if in the boundaries of a school there is a house separate and independent, resided in by the director and his family, this house must be considered as a building with one single living unit.
2) Building with several living units
This is a building occupied by several households at the time of the census even if the structure was not originally designed for this purpose.
3-4) Building for several uses, including one single living unit
A building can be used as a residence and for commercial purposes at the same time.
If the building used for both is resided in by a single household, put an "x" in box "3" of the questionnaire reserved for this purpose or an "x" in box "4" if there are several households.

[p. 22]

5) Dwelling for collective housing
You must consider a dwelling for collective housing as buildings or the building destined to shelter one or several groups of persons.
Hotels, boarding homes, hospitals, barracks, etc., belong in this category.
6) Everything else
List in this remaining category all use made of a building that you cannot classify into groups 1 to 5.

Question 11: Number of living units
50. You must include all rooms or group of rooms and their annexes found in a building or distinct part of the building designed for occupation by a household or which is actually occupied by a household at the time of the census as a living unit.
A living unit makes up the dwelling of a household.
The dwelling units situated in the same building must be considered separately.

In the same way, apartments which are found in the same building as an institution should be considered as independent units if they are designed or are occupied by a household.
Oftentimes in our experience a house previously meant to shelter a household is separated into several dwellings or living unit.
Please count the number of these units found in the building where you take then census and write down the number in the place indicated on the questionnaire.

[p. 23]

Question 12: Visiting order of the unit
51. The enumerator will take care to mark down the visiting order of the households or the living units that he is going to count in box 3 to the left of the visiting order of the building. Two other boxes are there for this purpose at the right.
The first living unit visited in a building will always be number 01, the second 02, and so forth.

Question 13: Occupational status
52. Just as for the building, if the living unit that you count is resided in, place an "x" in the box marked occupied.
In the opposite situation, mark the box "vacant" and go on to the living unit in the following building.

Question 14: Number of rooms, number of people
53. As defined in paragraph 20 of the manual, count the number of rooms as well as the number of people living in the household and write down respectively the numbers in the place indicated in the questionnaire.

[p. 24]

Question 15: Mode of occupation
54. The types of life interest indicate under what title a household occupies a living unit.
You must determine:

Question 16: Rent or tenant farming
55. This question is asked only of households who are renters or farmers.
The rent per month will always be given in gourdes. You should write down on the questionnaire only what the person investigated declares to pay as rent, all deductions previously made. The value of the "tenant farming" should also be written in gourdes. Please specify in months the period remaining in the lease.

Question 17: Lighting
56. According to the response obtained, check the appropriate box.

[p. 25]

57. If the living unit is not lighted by any of the means specified above, specify the type of lighting used in the household.

Question 18: Water provisions
58. Place an "x" in the appropriate box.

Question 19: Type of sanitary facilities
59. Place an "x" in the appropriate box.

[p. 26]

60. Before going on to the chapter following "population" make sure that all the information relative to the building and to the living unit are correctly recorded.

IV. Population

A) General characteristics

[Questions 1-6.]

61. You should ask questions related to the general characteristics of the household members, of any person who is part of the household no matter what their age may be.

Question 1: First and last name
62. Ask the head of household or the person is answering in his place to list for you all the members who normally live in the household, whether or not they are present or absent.
By absent members, we mean those who are temporarily absent for the day or a part of the day and those who have been absent from the household for a period of less than six months with the intention of returning.
Then write down in the questionnaire the members of the household in the following order:
The first column to be filled out is the first to the left which is reserved for the head of household. Then the second is his spouse or partner if he has one. The third person and so forth are their children, married or not, beginning with the oldest. The people related or not related will come afterward and finally the servants if they eat and sleep in the household.

[p. 27]

Question 2: Relationship
63. The head of household is the person recognized as such by the other members. Once the head of household is identified, it is then a question of identifying the other members according to their relationship with the head.
In column "1" where "person no. 1" is labeled, place an "x" in the only box which is labeled "head of household".
It is recommended that you gather all the information related to the head of household (question 2 to 25) before going on to the other members of the household.
The relationship to the other members of the household can go in the following order according to each situation: spouse, father (mother), son (daughter), grandson (granddaughter), stepfather (stepmother), stepson (stepdaughter), other relatives and friends, servants, working child.

Question 3: Sex
64. The sex (masculine or feminine) of each person must be checked on the questionnaire.
You should not determine the person's sex according to his first name because some first names can be given to people of both sexes. So, it is important that each question be asked for each person.

[p. 28]

Question 4: Age
65. Age is the interval of time in years which separate the date of birth from that of the census. No effort should be spared to determine the specific age of each person. Write down in whole numbers the age of the people.

However, for babies who have not yet celebrated their first birthday write down 00 years, no matter how many months are given for the child.

If the person in question does not know his age precisely, it is recommended that you use the historic calendar placed in the appendix of the present manual. You will thus obtain an estimate of his age, first by asking this question: Under which president were you born? Then by specifying from some historical events known to the individual or furthermore by comparison with a person from the same family and background who knows his own age exactly.
It sometimes happens that the head of household will leave out the young children without thinking. When the enumerator writes down the youngest person mentioned by him, he should then insist of the head of household in asking questions such as:

• Is he really the youngest child?
• Are there any children younger than he is? Which ones?

In the same way he should regularly ask the question:

• Are there any children less than one year old currently absent?

Question 5: Marital status
66. The marital status designates the situation of a person in regards to the laws of his/country concerning marriage. The categories below have been adopted. List as:

[p. 29]

Question 6: Religion
67. For the purpose of the census, religion can be defined either as:

There are nine categories for this question. Check the box corresponding to the question provided. For category 8 "other cults" list any person who does not belong to any of the other categories, for example, Voodoo, Jewish, Muslim, Jehovah's Witness, etc.

[p. 30]

B) Migration
[Questions 7-9.]
[Question 7-9 were asked of all persons, except question 9 was only asked of persons 5 years of age or older and who have lived at the current city for less than 5 years.]

Question 7: Place of birth
68. This part will include the city, neighborhood, rural area, commune or foreign country where the person was born. The enumerator will be careful to correctly write down the information declared by the person investigated. It may happen that the person investigated will give the name of a "residence", in which case you will insist to know in which rural area this is found. For people born abroad just be satisfied with the name of the country.

When the person was born in Haiti, the enumerator will have to record two pieces of information.

Question 8: Length of stay in the residence
69. The length of stay in the residence is the period of time expressed in years during which the person resided uninterrupted in the location where he is counted for the census.

Question 9: Residence in 1977
70. Clearly write down the name of the city or the neighborhood or rural area and commune where the person was residing in the month of August 1977.
If the place is a foreign country, record the name of the country.
This question concerns people for whom "2" or "3" was marked in question 8.

[p. 31]

C) Education
[Questions 10-16.]
71. Questions relating to education are only asked of people 6 years old or more. For all people less than 6 years old, the interrogation stops at question 9.

Questions 10 and 11
72. Time spent in the literacy center and length of internship
Please check the appropriate box.
If the answer is "no", jump to question "12". If, on the other hand, the answer is "yes", record for question "11" the number of months the internship lasted.

Question 12: Time spent at school
73. This question is asked of people who regularly spent time in a teaching institution, 1981-1982.
Do not include in this category people who were receiving or are receiving at the time of the census a special education which is not part of a normal school system. This also goes for people who are receiving educational or internship education in a factory or workshop.
Please check "yes" or "no" in response to this question.

Question 13: Type of school
74. If the answer to question "12" is "no", skip question "13" and go on to "14". If the answer is "yes" (question 12), check "public" or "private" depending on if the institution attended is public or private.

[p. 32]

Question 14: Literacy (reading and writing)
75. The data on the reading and writing aptitude must allow you to distinguish between the literate and the illiterate. An illiterate person is a person incapable of reading and writing, with understanding, a short and simple statement of facts related to daily life. As a consequence, a person capable only of reading and writing numbers and his name must be considered as illiterate, just as is the case for a person who knows how to read but cannot write or a person who can only read and write something which they have learned by heart.

Question 15: Language
76. Specify here in which language the person is literate by checking box 1, 2 or 3.
This question only applies to literate people for whom "yes" is checked in question 14.

Question 16: Level attained
77. Record the last class or the last year of studies accomplished at the highest level in which the person succeeded in the educational system.
Then specify the level by checking one of the corresponding boxes among the levels of which the educational system in the country is made up.
Consult the chart which has been provided for you in order to fill out this part of the questionnaire.

D) Economic characteristics
[Questions 17-21.]
Ask questions relative to the economic characteristics of people age 10 years old or more.

Question 17: Type of activity
78. The point of this question is to obtain information on the most important economic activity of the person during the period of 12 months preceding the census.
The situation in regards to the economic activity of the people is divided into 7 exclusive categories.

[p. 34]

Question 18: Time spent working
79. The time spent working is the total time during which the person has worked during the period in question, 12 months.
Write down 12 months for the person who has regular and permanent employment even if the person has had a vacation in the middle of the 12 month period.
For the seasonal worker and the temporary worker, the enumerator will question the person concerned in order to determine the exact number of months that he worked during the period in question. He will then write down this number in the questionnaire.

[p. 35]

Question 19: Main occupation or profession
80. For the census, the profession refers to the type of work carried out by a person during the period of reference on which the data related to the economic characteristics are written down, no matter what the branch of economic activity or situation of the person in question in the profession.
For a person who has two or more professions it will be necessary to consider the profession in which he spends most of his time.

Question 20: Branch of activity
81. The branch of activity refers to the activity of the establishment or company where the person has worked for most of the period of reference.
Clearly record what the business or employer does in general (for example, manufacture of shoes, bike repair, retail of cloth, subsistence crops, etc.)
Write down "government" for all employees and government employees of the state.
In the case where the employee is a maid at an individual's home, write down "domestic service".
For a typist working in a building company, write down "building construction".

[p. 36]

Question 21: Situation in the occupation
82. This is the situation of a person (his status) in regards to his current or former job.
Mark:

E) Fertility

[Questions 22-25.]

Questions 22 to 25 are given exclusively to women ages 15 and older.

Question 22: Live births
83. The enumerator will take care to ask each woman 15 years old or more, who is part of the household, if she has already delivered a living child into the world, even if he is no longer living.
In the situation where the answer to this question is "no" for all women concerned, check the appropriate box, skip questions 23 to 25 and go on to the questions about the deceased which are located on the back of the questionnaire.
In the situation where the answer is "yes", check the corresponding box and go on to question "23".

[p. 37]

Question 23: Date of birth
84. If the answer is "yes" to question 22, ask for the date of birth of the last child born alive, even if he is no longer alive, and record the day, the month and the year of birth in the place indicated on the questionnaire.

Question 24: Children born alive (current generation)
85. Here you must count all children born alive whom a woman has given birth to at the time of the census (with the exception of still-born children).
The total for the question must include all the woman's children born alive, legitimate or illegitimate, whether they were born inside a marriage or from a de facto union at the time of the census or from a form de facto union or marriage, whether the children are alive or not at the time of the census, and no matter where they are living.

Question 25: Surviving children
86. This question concerns children who are still living at the time of the census no matter what their age is.
Specify in the place indicated in the questionnaire:

87. In the case where a household has more than eight people, place an "x" in the box which is found on the left at the bottom of the page and continue the interview by using another questionnaire after having carried over all the information on the location and visiting order of the living unit to this second questionnaire.

V. Deceased members of the household

88. The questions on the deceased members of the household during the 12 months preceding the census must be asked of the head of household or the person answering in his place. If there has been a death, take care to write the first and last name of the deceased clearly in the questionnaire, and the age at the time of death, and also the month and year.
This part is for those deceased during the 12 months preceding the census.

[Appendix describing historic events to determine age is not presented here]